In this post we will discuss Generations of Computer
Hello Friends, once again welcome to you on my blog and today in this post we are going to talk about a very important information, the generation of computer.
We all know that computer is an electronic device. Which works to transfer information or data from here to there. Nowadays computers are being used everywhere from education to hospitals.
Let us tell you that today the computer is being used everywhere. This complex device was made in 1942 as the computer of the first generation, which was limited to computing in a way, but as technology progressed, these computers were made more advanced.
Based on the main changes in the computer, it is divided into 5 Generation.
Let us now know how these computers were developed in which generation and what was used in which generation's computer-
First Generation from 1946- to 1956 Based On Vacuum tube.
Second Generation from 1956-to 1963 Based On - transistors.
Third Generation from 1964-to 1971 Based On - integrated circuits.
Fourth Generation from 1971-to 2010 Based On - Microprocessor.
Fifth Generation from 2010 onward Based On - Microprocessor with the aid of next growing technology that is artificial technology (AI).
First Generation :
Computers developed from 1946 to 1956 have been recognized as first generation computers. Diode valve vacuum tubes were used in this generation of computers which was invented by Sir Ambrose Fleming in the year 1904. They were also named as thermionic valve. Since it had two electrodes - the cathode and the anode; that's why it was called a diode, and since electrons went from the cathode to the anode; that's why it was called Valve.Due to its valve, it was used only as an electronic switch.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) is the first electronic computer, the first generation computer. BINAC was created in 1949 by the company that made ENIAC. Eckert and Machli, the creators of ENIAC and BINAC, created the Universal Automatic Calculator (UNIVAC) to meet business needs. UNIVAC was the first electronic computer that was used by the general public.
Second Generation :
Computers developed from 1956 to 1963 have been recognized as second generation computers. The invention of the transistor in 1948 brought a revolution in the field of electronic technology. Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes in second generation computers. After the manufacture of transistors containing silicon, the use of diode valves in all electronic devices was greatly reduced. The Field Effect Transistor, developed in the year 1952, took only one microsecond to reach from one position to another.
The time taken by M. Ross in 1953 to move the transistor from one position to another was about one nanosecond (eighteenth of a second). This transistor was made of germanium. Second generation computers were smaller in size than the first generation computers and also had less heat dissipation. The working speed and capacity of these computers was also higher than the earlier computers. In 1959 IBM made a computer entirely based on transistors named MODEL-7090. The main computers of the second generation were Sperry Univac-3, Honeywell 400, 800, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, Leo's Mark-3 etc.
Third Generation :
Computers from 1964 to 1970 were placed in the third generation. In this generation of computers, integrated circuits were being used in place of transistors. An I.C. Transistor, resistor and capacitor were included in all three. In 1938, JS Kilvi of Texas Instrument Company built an integrated circuit on a small silicon chip. In this chip, 26 parts of the circuit of a device were taken off on a very small size (nail size) chip, which were connected to wires and mounted on Metal Printed Circuits (DCBS).
Fourth Generation :
Computers from the 1970s to the present day have been kept in the fourth generation computers. Large Scale Integration (LSI) and then the very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) chip in 1975 made it possible to have the entire Control Processing Unit on a single chip. These chips were called microprocessors and the computers in which microprocessors were used were called micro computers. The first microcomputer 'Altair' was made based on Intel-8080, whose memory was one kilowatt.
Generations of computers - Around 1976 other companies also made this type of computer, some of which installed Zilog company's 7-80 chips. Cambridge scientist Clive Sinclair created a small and inexpensive calculator in 1970, on the basis of which the Japanese made the first pocket calculators that have reached every household today. SynClean created a small computer called the Zx-80 that could be used for color TV. The results of the computer could be seen on the screen. Many types of games could also be played on this computer.
In 1976, two American students, Steve Beznik and Steve John, built a computer that could be locked in a matchbox for very little cost. Generations of computers - This discovery brought a revolution in the computer world. The microcomputers based on these eight bits were named Apple, which later became the Apple-1 and Apple-2 series. Renamed the Apple-2 personal computer. Other companies also made microprocessor chips based on their own technology.
Fifth Generation :
Scientists are now working on fifth generation computers. Efforts are being made to incorporate human-like qualities in this generation of computers. Scientists of Japan have named their plan for the development of these computers as Knowledge Information Processing System (KIPS).
Computers of this generation are still in development stage. There is a plan to use Artificial Intelligence in these computers. With this, it will be possible to do the work of Voice Recognition and Image Control with great efficiency and fast speed. But in the future generations of computer,computers are based on the flow of electrons, instead of an electron in the fundamental particles of matter, the fundamental particle of light will be based on the photon. Laser rays are also made up of photons.
